Magnetoelectric nanocomposites with a polymeric matrix as a promising direction for the development of modern material science
polymer nanocomposites, magnetoelectric effect, multiferroics, structure, piezoelectric effect
Abstract
The magnetoelectric (ME) effect is a appearing of the electrical polarization of a material in the presence of an applied magnetic field or the magnetization in the presence of an applied electric field and can be seen as the bridge between the electric and magnetic properties of matter. When a magnetic field is applied to the composite, strain in the magnetostrictive phase is induced and transmitted to the piezoelectric constituent causing a change in its electrical polarization. Similarly, the reverse effect can be observed: when an electric field is applied to the composite, strain is induced in the piezoelectric phase and transmitted to the magnetostrictive phase, leading to a change in the magnetization. Unlike the single-phase ME materials so far available at room temperature, the larger design flexibility of ME composites permits the design of multifunctional properties in which the coupling between the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive components produces an ME response several orders of magnitude higher than those in single-phase ME materials. Thus, composites can be used to generate an ME response from the combination of materials which themselves do not allow the ME effect. In turn, formation of magnetoelectric nanocomposites with a polymer matrix is an extremely relevant and interesting task of modern material science, which links the branches of fundamental and applied research. Moreover, using of nanosized functional particles allows significantly enhancing ME effect due to increasing of contact surface area between magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases. Discovered in 1970, the ferroelectric properties of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) nowadays allow the developing of an organic high-sensitivity devices of a new generation of various forms with pre-determined mechanical properties, flexibility, versatility, ease and low cost of production and even biocompatibility.
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